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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of renal function,〔(TheFreeDictionary > rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis ) Citing: McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002〕〔(eMedicine > Glomerulonephritis, Crescentic ) Author: Malvinder S Parmar. Updated: Sep 25, 2008〕 (usually a 50% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months)〔 with glomerular crescent formation seen in at least 50%〔 or 75%〔 of glomeruli seen on kidney biopsies. If left untreated, it rapidly progresses into acute renal failure and death within months. In 50% of cases, RPGN is associated with an underlying disease such as Goodpasture syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, or granulomatosis with polyangiitis; the remaining cases are idiopathic. Regardless of the underlying cause, RPGN involves severe injury to the kidneys' glomeruli, with many of the glomeruli containing characteristic glomerular crescents (crescent-shaped scars).
==Signs and symptoms==
Most types of RPGN are characterized by severe and rapid loss of kidney function featuring severe hematuria (blood in the urine), red blood cell casts in the urine, and proteinuria (protein in the urine), sometimes exceeding 3 g protein/24 h, a range associated with nephrotic syndrome. Some patients also experience hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema. Severe disease is characterized by pronounced oliguria or anuria, which portends a poor prognosis.〔
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